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                 Jeong Si Gu (Sun Moon University, Korea)

Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION

South Korea is a high risk country that overlaps rarely from a various geopolitical and geoeconomical crust in the world. Surrounding countries are the world's gross domestic product (GDP) 1~3 above, the military superpower of the world. Recently, Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) for South Korea is emerging a problem of placement, but more needs to be understood as a deliberate international diplomacy so far acted wisely. May 8, 2013, President Park revealed the concept for DMZ World Peace Park Construction in the US House and Senate joint speech after the inauguration immediately. It is to try to ensure the broad support for DMZ World Peace Park in the international arena (Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2014: 10-12).

The Korean peninsula DMZ of the conflict field between North and South was created in July 27, 1953 in the cease-fire agreement of war. DMZ area is the distance of the 2 km in north-south direction away from the military demarcation line. But Where of the north-south linear distance 4 km has been not maintained almost, it is not only to 700~800m most nearest in all regions of the current Demilitarized zone. The distance between the east and west of DMZ is a linear space of about 248㎞, corresponding to about 0.5% of the area of ​​the entire Korean peninsula. Originally DMZ means that the "DMZ areas must not be to maintain the military forces and facilities." But land mines that are embedded in DMZ is estimated to reach about 200 million units and military forces of North and South is located centrally, and invasion tunnel of North Korea was discovered four times.

In order to bring out North Korean agreement for peaceful reunification, South Korea is required multilateral effort. Because North Korea will not unconditionally accept the offer of Korea, need to persuade North Korea with the medium- and long-term strategies such as "the propulsion business of Official Development Assistance (ODA) by New Village Movement". The persuade is to restore the trust in that.

Until now, UN which has celebrated the founding 70 anniversary resolves the dispute of the world, has the four offices including the first UN headquarters (New York) for the humanity peace. The 2th office (Geneva) was established in the dimension that oversees the European headquarters as UN Secretariat of Europe. The 3th office (Vienna) was established in order to resolve the fear of nuclear in 1979. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in EU is easy to take a joint pace. The 4th office (Nairobi) was established in Kenya in response to the whole world's attention in the environment and ecosystem conservation of problems came in the late 1980s (Seong Dae Seok, 2014: 154-249).

Recently of IS and North Korea strike fear into the world, their terrorism​​-idolization are taking philosophical and religious problems. Therefor it is necessary to set the 5th UN office in DMZ for the sake of world peace. If UN 5th office establishes for the purpose to solve the conflict in philosophical and religious problems of the 21st century in DMZ World Peace Park on the Korean peninsula that exists only as a divided nation, the world peace is deeply to attract in the world. I think that it becomes a starting point that can be discussed. In view from UN standpoint, it make possible to also consider to Asia. The 4.5 billion peoples of the entire world population with 7.5 billion are still living approximately 60% in Asia, but UN Secretariat is not installed. Korea government is required continuously persuasion and confidence.

<Table 1> Comparison with the previous studies

In particular, while South Korea had been received a number of aggression in the history, but is a peace nation that also did not invade in different ethnic groups once. Further after World War II, South Korea is the only country to have become the 10th donor country from a country that had received assistance in the world today. Korean will help to pass a know-how on a developing countries of the world that try to learn actively.

South Korea can become the development model of all the developing countries of the world. Furthermore if North and South join forces, DMZ will be a creative economy area that it is possible to create a high-value-added World Heritage Site as a global ecosystem and tourism resources of UNESCO. In addition, it is important persuasion than anything against North Korea since the north-south peace is the foundation of permanent world peace in the future. Especially in parallel with DMZ Peace Park World in the Korean Peninsula, The research for the 5th UN office is in its infancy. Such as previous studies like <1 table>.

By analyzing the associated literatures through a systematic research and analysis, This study could be see such as graphical display of heart procedures like <1 figure>.

<Figure 1> Research Procedures

Ⅱ. DMZ Formation

  According to Rev. Sun-Myung Moon, ‘The problem of DMZ is not just a problem of Korea, it means that DMZ is a place of historical confrontation between God world and Satan world for world peace.’(Family Federation for World Peace and Unification, 2015: 871-872). The success of DMZ World Peace Park depends on the cooperation of relevant countries and international organizations, such as China, the United States, Japan, Russia, and UN. But Do you how to persuade North Korea? the most important thing is in the problem of whether to persuade North Korea. Therefore, it is necessary to share the historical consciousness by illuminating the history of the background of DMZ formation. Roots of DMZ formation of the Korean peninsula must be traced back to Japan Empire. Korean up to 50 thousand peoples were complicit by Japan Empire in Donghak peasant movement (1895), Japanese army had been defined in the first genocide (genocide), killing Empress Myeongseong is the empress dowager of Korea (1895.8.20.). Korea diplomatic rights is deprived By Katsura-Taft Agreement (1905.11.18), and led to such a forced merger (1910.8.29) (DongA newspaper, 2004. 10.10).

March 1 Independence Movement of 1919, 7,500 more peoples lost their lives, 15,961 peoples injured, 52,770 peoples arrested. And Japan Empire killed up to 10 thousand Korea peoples of disaster in "Majima disaster"(1920), up to 2 thousand peoples in "the Great Kantou Earthquake"(1923). Japanese Empire sent Korean youth of 200,000 to the battlefield in 1944. Also Japanese Empire sent Korean women peoples of 200,000 from 12 years old to 40 years old to the munition factories and the enforced sex slave forcibly. Korea government has been evaluated Koreans who died by being forced mobilization is seen 20,000 peoples, and 100,000 enforced sex slaves were forced mobilization. Independence activists were been used in biological experiments and bacteria experiments (Jeong Si Gu, 2013: 202-206). Although end of Japan empire was in dire consequences of terrible power of the atomic bomb, Soviet Union was countered that it was able to promote the conclusion of Pacific War without US atomic bomb (Ward Wilson, 2014: 80).

Because It had started "Storm of August" of Soviet army (1945.8.9.～8.20), the large troops soon entered into Wonsan port of North Korea on August 21, 1945 by the breakdown of Japan Empire. The result, the 38-degree line had been established after instruction of the Assistant Secretary of State J. Dunn as corresponding to the Soviet southward for the Army unit strategy station August 11, 1945. It is possible to see that it had been determined. This time, Charles. H. Bonesteel (later, served as the Korea-US military commander) Colonel of the United States Army of the strategy station and the Dean Rusk (later, Secretary of State in Kennedy and Johnson government) Lieutenant Colonel of US Army Secretary aide were a negotiation of Soviet (Ree Won Beom, 2013: 34-70).

On the other hand, the division of the Korean Peninsula in the 38-degree line is, there is also the opinion that there is not that it has been improvised to determine the time of surrender of the Japanese empire. The newly excavated thing over the last 10 years or more, immediately after the release of 1945 when viewed in the grounds of Soviet Union materials, came out testimony that Soviet military authorities forcibly was put to Kim Il Sung of North Korea(Chosun newspaper, 1997. 6.30).

Stalin aimed at the loose response of United States. October 14, 1945, he planned to invasion of South Korea through Soviet colonel Kim Il Seong puppet regime in North Korea. While Korean independence originally was promised in Cairo talks, Korea has broke in half by the border of the 38-degree line. Korean Peninsula have been become a tragic fate of dividing in North and South on the center of the 38-degree line by US-Soviet countries (Kim Gee Hyub, 2011: 340-364). In this way Soviet Union that steered Kim Il Seong regime of North Korea allowed to break the traffic and integral communication contact between the North and South to the border of the 38-degree line. They also were forced to political divide while any national unity government also was rejected as long as that was not the communist unification (Wang Suchon, 2013: 31-33).

At the time, until June 30, 1949, US government was a immediate goal to complete the preparation to withdraw from South Korea because Soviet army withdrew in North region. However in order to ensure a long-term benefit of US in the Korean Peninsula, it was revealed to support economically Korea (Segyae newspaper, 2013. 11.7). In fact, Stalin and Kim Il Seong led to determine the invasion for South Korea by withdrawal plan of the United States of America in June 1949.

Ⅲ. Problem of DMZ World Peace Park

1. Nuclear Weapons Parallel Routes of North Korea

North Korea obsessed with disablement of further cease-fire agreement by mobilizing such as Ministry of Foreign Affairs statement in the 1990s. For the first time when Korean army general was appointed to Military Armistice Committee in March 1991, they declared the non-attendance. Foreign Ministry of North Korea in April 1994 allowed to withdraw North Korea delegation of Military Armistice Committee from Panmunjom while requesting a peace framework had established in United States.

Also February 11, 1997, 1995, North Korea withdrew Polish delegation of neutral nations supervisory committee from Panmunjom, North Korea in September of that year refused to join the nuclear test ban treaty. He refused to join UN annual nuclear disarmament conference of February 25, 1997 also did not participate. In April 1998 they announced to suspend the seal of the nuclear fuel rods because of the supply delay of construction and heavy oil of the light water reactor. Furthermore in May 1998, after competitive nuclear test that took place in Pakistan and India, is carrying out a nuclear test over three times until now, it is in a state that is ready for the fourth nuclear test (Russell, 2010 : 76-82).

According to 2014 Defense White Paper of Ministry of Defense in Korea, the nuclear weapons missile of North Korean have been reached a significant level in miniaturization, is the level that threaten US mainland. Also they founded the 12 corps, strengthened the military power and the military facility security on Jagang Province of North Korea-Chinese-Russian border region in recent years, Air Force and the entire troop 10,000 peoples were increased (Song, Yong Sun, 2015: 60-63). According to Ministry of Defense, during last 60 years the cease-fire agreement of North Korea has been violated South Korea more than 430,000 times. Large-scale penetration and local provocation is about 3000 in it. A total of three times between North and South Navy near the West Sea in recent years (1999, 2002, 2009) occurred a major sea battle. Finally the tensions between North and South have increased by Cheonan warship sinking of March and Yeonpyeong Island shelling of November in the same year 2010.

In the later 2003, North Korea declared the withdraw of a cease-fire agreement to excuse Korea-US military training such as Eagle training, UlJee focus lens (UFL) training. In May 2009, North Korea criticized Korean government "will not restrained by the more truce" when South Korea had been declared a participation in Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI) (JoongAng newspaper, 2013. 3.7). April 2012, North Korea explicitly declared as a "nuclear power" by revised amendments Constitution after Chairman Kim Jong Il death (2011.12.17.). The same year in August, the high-level officials of White House went to North Korea, but they declared "denuclearization on the denuclearization previous world is not possible on Korean Peninsula". North Korea is developing as a logic of saving vast resources and finances by selecting a nuclear weapons route (Choson Sinbo, 2013. 6.13). In other words, the urgency for the economic construction is by taking the nuclear weapons route.

2. Change of South Korea’s Diplomatic Power

Northeast Asia and around Korean Peninsula should be not a exaggeration to say that it has concentrated the power of the world's richest nations. American military power is declaring a return of Asia and building a leadership position in the world economy rankings, China still is consolidating its presence in the world's economy, and Japan and Russia are aiming at the world economy by developing the technology and natural resource. But Korea is facing an uncertain future as a contraction of the growth latent powers, a super-aged society, youth unemployment, and the lowest birth rate in the world. If we couldn't get the flow of change, our preservation can not even expected to be stability in the future.

In 100 years ago, Korea had wielded from this international turmoil of a great power as Russia, United States, and Japan. Now we are facing its similar situation in international relations of today. Korea went to the way of the defeating country at that time without being able to adapt itself to an international change (Jeong, Si Gu a, 2014 : 62 – 72).

Now we should be prepare the recognition of medium-and-long term unification. President Park gives "a trust process" as the way to find a new breakthrough of a change and guides a development for North Korea. It is necessary to open the way where North Korea can participate in without rubbing it to invite the international organization in DMZ World Peace Park. The trust process of President Park must not overlook the security cooperation mainly on Korea-U.S. alliance either, but we do our best method to rebuild a framework of discussion in six countries (Lee Kee Dong, 2013: 219-223).

According to Cheong Seong Kyung, ‘The times of the Pacific come now. The country which do not prepare the challenge from the background of civilization and culture is ruined in the situation that cannot escape the place of the fight by the United States, Japan, Korea, China, Russia, such as country. I am the man who is the highest, and stands, and is prepared for the best.’(Family Federation for World Peace and Unification a, 2013: 1115). Here, DMZ problem of South Korea is not the problem of only South Korea, we have to know the historic showdown field between God and Satan for world peace.

Recently North Korea appears with "the change of the position" instead of "withdrawal of United States Armed Forces". Their aim is destruction of the historic legal character of "Korea-United States Alliance" by Korea United States Defense Pact of 1953. Therefore, they can prevent a deterrent by Korea-U.S. alliance, and United States Armed Forces are the calculations that there is not a alliance of Korea anymore even if war breaks out in Korea. Korea should not be rolled up in such a strategy of North Korean.

3. Ecosystem Maintenance Dilemma of DMZ

We must make use of the convenience with the new establishment of the international organization while maintaining ecosystem of DMZ as nature to the maximum. Now in DMZ regions there are inhabiting 2,700 kinds of wild animals, plants including 67 kinds of endangered species. These figures are approximately 30% among 9,600 kinds of the whole country.

In particular, an expert on birds is evaluating that the central plains of DMZ has the important value for the habits which biological diversity is rich. The importance has been known as a wintering place of the white crane inhabiting only the northeast countries in Asia. Also on the Hangang Rivers estuary ranging from the Imjingang River estuary to Ganghwa Island, the black-faced spoonbill of 300 pairs is living among only around 1,600 in the whole world over. Given the importance of DMZ, Ministry of Environment designated it as a ‘three core ecological axis of the Korean Peninsula’ with the Baekdu Daegan and Coast in the year of 2010 (Lee Chan Hee, 2013 : 65).

It is what we do it in the biosphere maintenance area of UNESCO so that the Korean peninsula DMZ becomes the world peace zone, and world people should be shared it together, prepared it as the park which put under the theme of peace. Therefore, the term of DMZ is included the concepts such as "the inhabitants between the north and south", "peace", "healing of war", "demilitarization", "global", "park" (Mulford, 1984: 13-20). We must do our best to save the assets of the human because these concepts have enough value to let us hand it down to a descendant. After all, the peace is to coexist in cooperation with each other to keep the environmental assets of the human in good condition.

Ⅳ . DMZ World Peace Park Improvement Plan

1. New Village Movement ODA Projects for North Korea

According to Rev. Moon Sun-Myung about ‘New Village Movement of South Korea’, "It was  the monumental achievement of the race independence rebirth to glisten for a long history, and we was not seen the same example as it in the world. Korea industry development was the record that postwar Japan and German revival did not follow, furthermore such a rapid growth was vigilant, and these records were performed in front of North Korean Kim Il Sung who aimed at an invasion of South Korea."(Family Federation for World Peace and Unification b, 2013: 1178).

Park, Eun Jeen (2015) showed the eco-history sightseeing of Germany, the waterway agreement between Ecuador and Peru, and the oil joint development business of South Yemen as a success example of the overseas world peace park about the main success example of the world peace park. The fact that is generally displayed the success example of the overseas trouble spot is a non-political event and a mutual trust relationships through the practical business. Germany constituted "a border committee" to prevent the pollution of the river from unified 20 years ago, and discussed such as water, energy, natural disaster continuously. North and south Yemen developed jointly an oil of the border area, and Ecuador and Peru solved the territorial dispute by developing economic profit through Amazon route agreement.

The government of South Korea has been performed the chaotic policy between cold water and warm water for North Korea depending on its government. In fact, after end of World War, the American security strategy failed in a policy to prevent an attack to the United States of America on September 11, 2001 (Nelson, 2010: 24-35).

Now South Korea has been become the donor country for the world's poorer countries from ruins in Korea War of 1950. The total sum of Official Development Assistance (ODA) from World War II to 2010 in the world was 2,330 billion dollars but alone South Korea really escaped from poverty.

In addition, the donor scale of South Korea now is tenth place zone in the world. The grant-type aid implementation plan of South Korea performs aid business of 875 (total business expense 960 billion won) submitted from government offices of total 29 in 2015 (Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2015).

The support method of New Village Movement ODA business for North Korea should be constructed as follows. ① 「consciousness education」 + 「technical education」 + 「profit developmental business」, ② initiates and cooperation by the experience of the participation because of the ministries and government offices of plural, ③ participation of the expert in the process of all, ④ experience education for New Village Movement must be performed as the promotion of the program (Park, Chan Ryong, 2014: 115-130).

The foreign countries ODA support method escapes from a level to merely support materials, and an aid recipient aims at the voluntary thing developing with ability autonomously in the world. North Korea understands that economic development is impossible without help of Korea, and knows really the situation that North Korean abundant resources and cheap work force are necessary for Korea.

It is accumulated in the reliability of DMZ world peace park by the possible ways such as humanitarian support and development cooperation of New Village Movement ODA enforcement, the encounter of the separated family, various social cultural exchange cooperation, construction, the economic cooperation of the North Korean public welfare base, the racial homogeneity recovery by promoting it continuously (Keast, 2014: 66-82).

It is important that the government of Korea country makes the sympathy with the nation domestically. Therefore, it must inflect positively to be able to do it in the private sector led by the NGO.

2. Administration Method of the 5th UN Office in DMZ

President Park set the first year of the unification base creation by constituting "unification preparatory committee" following "big hit theory for unification" in 2014. The government of South Korea is in condition to have secured budget to prepare the land of DMZ world peace park. A full-fledged preparation for the park will go into the orbit for world peace between North and South Korea with an inter-Korean family reunions and tours to Mt. Geumgang (Jeon Gyung Joo, 2013: 2).

According to Ministry of Unification's ‘Unity White Paper 2014’, the direction of the composition for world peace parks should be based on cooperation of international organizations as UN, including South and North Korea as possible and while conserving the natural environment. And DMZ World Peace Park should be opened to many people of the world (Ministry of Unification, 2015).

DMZ World Peace Park between North and South Korea has to create a consensus with support eco-friendly to build a park that symbolize peace. Therefore DMZ will become the field of global peace education and heritage of mankind as ‘UN Peace Museum’ or ‘DMZ World Peace Museum’ in Panmunjeom.

Now globally Korean wind blows, but can be born again as the sightseeing spot which is global as a reincarnation constantly in a performance meeting place of the world culture in DMZ world peace park. And UN will be governed the administration of the Korea Peninsula DMZ area directly, and the earnings will be used as a fund to relieve the world poor and stricken area (Family Federation for World Peace and Unification, 2015: 872).

3. Three-Steps Strategy for DMZ Ecological Value

DMZ area shall be formed as the trinity by three-step strategy including an absolute preservation area, an adjacent area, and the hinterland. By this way, strategies for three stages are expected the harmony of the development. An absolute preservation area must remain the original nature. The adjacency area is the buffering area such as investigation analysis, education, sightseeing or the recreation as far as possible. And the hinterland is a role of the available rear support for development. We must do the alternative plan for DMZ with the real security including the environment consideration, and opinion of the local inhabitants. The invitation competition have been heating in the local governments, and not showing a particular progress in the situation of north and south relations now. The hosting competition for DMZ strongly appears with a local election of June 4, 2014 in South Korea.

A viewpoint of the central government is that the local government is only a claim stage literally now, but the north side would be become the most important problem to choice the location of DMZ world peace park. And the management of DMZ is still necessary the cooperation of UN military headquarters.

4. Control Tower for the Policy’s Consistency

By a long-term and integrated approach, we would make organizations such as "a promotion committee for World Peace Park" or "world peace park foundation" through the talks with reality characteristics for the creation of DMZ World Peace Park with North Korea. A control tower by the President or the prime minister can direct and adjust the promotion business of DMZ-related sections including Ministry of Unification, Ministry of Culture, Ministry of National Defense, and Ministry of environmental part domestically. And it can control the related organizations of domestic and foreign such as the United States, Japan, China, Russia, a citizen group, an expert participate.

Ⅴ. Conclusion

This study is significant as it is designed to study the implications and the direction for the Korean peninsula DMZ world peace park which Rev Sun Myung Moon was proposed early. DMZ is a geographical region that was established at the end of Korea War(27 July 1953) with the signing of Armistice Agreement between United Nations Forces(UNF) and North Korea. Peace Park is the important means to promote peace and cooperation in a boundary areas. Park president strongly revealed to establish DMZ world peace park with UN at Nuclear Security Summit and "Dresden Declaration (28/03/2014, in Germany), and the United States House and Senate Joint (08/05/2013).

DMZ World Peace Park will be contribute the relaxation and confidence to make the peace situation on the Korean peninsula. The inducement of the 5th UN office with DMZ world peace park is required the following four improvements. First, we introduce New Village Movement ODA projects in North Korea. Second, we give full play ours diplomatic skill for necessity of the 5th UN office in DMZ. Third, the conservation of the ecosystem with 3 step parts should be kept in DMZ area. Finally, President or the Prime Minister's direct control tower that can comprehensively control a related business of DMZ is required.

  Now Gyeonggido-Paju, Gangwondo-Cheolwon, Yeonchun, and Goseong compete with each other to attract DMZ World Peace Park. Department of Unification will make a candidate region on the basis of services such as the world peace park. In the master plan of DMZ should be considered the situation in South-North relations. Beyond ecological and economic profit, ideological confrontation between North and South should be resolved by the trust.

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